1. Hexstring to Hex Bytes:

2. Hex Bytes to Decimal:

3. Decimal to Binary:

4. Binary Octets to 24-bit Groups

each 3x8-bit turns into 4x6-bit groups that are zero-padded from the front

5. 24-bit Groups to 6-bit Groups

padded binary bytes converted to decimal & then to base-64 equivalents